• These results validate the docked pose

  2025-01-09

  

  These results validate the docked pose of the ALR2-3e complex in comparison to the docked complex of the ALR2-4c complex of which the compound docked completely out of the binding pocket of ALR2 (). This concludes to that the removal of the acetic SB525334 in pulmonary fibrosis moiety leads to ina

• br Acknowledgments This work was supported by Grant

  2025-01-08

  

  Acknowledgments This work was supported by Grant-in-aid for Scientific Research (S) (20229008) (to T.K.), Targeted Proteins Research Program (to T.K.), the Global COE Research Program (to T.K.) and Translational Systems Biology and Medicine Initiative (to T.K.) from the Ministry of Education, Cul

• Role of APPL in endosomal signaling pathways Endosomes consi

  2025-01-08

  

  Role of APPL in endosomal signaling pathways Endosomes consist of distinct membrane subdomains within individual organelles and assist in the translation of extracellular stimuli via cytoplasmic transduction cascades to the nucleus [3], [74]. Endosomal abnormalities are associated with the pathogen

• Adenosine is a ubiquitous homeostatic purine nucleoside that

  2025-01-08

  

  Adenosine is a ubiquitous homeostatic purine nucleoside that accumulates extracellularly in response to metabolic stresses such as hypoxia and inflammation. Activation of either G protein-coupled adenosine receptors (ARs; A1R, A2AR, A2BR, and A3R) by extracellular adenosine can modulate cell signali

• br Acknowledgments We thank the anonymous reviewers for thei

  2025-01-08

  

  Acknowledgments We thank the anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments on the manuscript, and also thank Dr. Hans-U. Dahms for his comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by a grant from the National Research Foundation (2009-0071218) funded to Young-Mi Lee. This work was al

• The reductase activity in patients with OHD

  2025-01-08

  

  The 5α-reductase activity in patients with 21-OHD, as assessed by the 5α-THF to 5β-THF (ratio 3) and by the 5α-17HP to 17HP (ratio 4) ratios, showed a similar pattern of activities (Fig. 2A–C) and significant correlations (ratio 1 vs. ratio 3; rs=0.67; pProtein assay kit to the 5α-reducase activity

• Introduction The first use of the term autophagy

  2025-01-08

  

  Introduction The first use of the term “autophagy” by a French physiologist, M. Anselmier, in a short article describing the effects of fasting in mice published in 1859, took place almost a century before Christian De Duve described it from a mechanistic point of view in a symposium on lysosomes i

• While it is known that circulating LDL

  2025-01-08

  

  While it is known that circulating LDL-C levels are largely regulated by either controlling the rate of hepatic production of its triglyceride-rich precursor VLDL particle or the rate of LDLR-mediated LDL particle clearance [58], it should be noted that important differences exist between rodents an

• The structural analysis of the ASK activation segment which

  2025-01-08

  

  The structural analysis of the ASK1 activation segment, which was not phosphorylated in the crystal structure, showed interactions mimicking those found in activated kinases. In addition, the isolated unphosphorylated ASK1-CD is active and able to autophosphorylate itself at three sites, Thr813, Thr

• Enhancers are short regions of DNA that are bound

  2025-01-08

  

  Enhancers are short regions of DNA that are bound by DNA-binding proteins (TFs) to increase the likelihood of a particular gene to be expressed. Importantly, enhancers can be identified, and classified, by their patterns of chromatin accessibility and of enrichment in certain histone modifications.

• Echinocandin resistance is systematically associated with po

  2025-01-07

  

  Echinocandin resistance is systematically associated with point mutations in either FSK1 or FSK2 genes [7], [104]. These mutations are located in two different not spot regions of these genes named HS1 and HS2. Hot spot mutations have been reported in C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, C. krus

• Detailed analysis of the dose dependence of A effects reveal

  2025-01-07

  

  Detailed analysis of the dose dependence of Aβ effects revealed that at low amounts, Aβ can also act as a positive regulator of presynaptic activity, enhancing the neurotransmitter release probability and increasing the neuronal excitability [2]. The facilitator effects of low Aβ dose on excitatory

• br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion

  2025-01-07

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion The transcriptional activity of PGC-1α is regulated by a number of stimuli, exemplifying the range of settings in which mitochondrial biogenesis is induced. The mechanisms governing this regulation have been extensively studied and have been determin

• 22 synthesis Atypically BcALDH has a minor

  2025-01-07

  

  Atypically, BcALDH has a minor reducing activity for all-trans-retinal, which requires the binding of the reduced form of the NADP+ (NADPH) cofactor that is a side-product of the canonical oxidation activity of BcALDH. The reduction activity that converts all-trans-retinal to all-trans-retinol was r

• Since forskolin is known to act directly at the

  2025-01-07

  

  Since forskolin is known to act directly at the catalytic site of adenylate cyclases near the ATP binding (Tesmer et al., 1997), the synergistic and/or permissive effect of gonadotropins on FSK activity must occur at the level of AC itself or very near, at the level of one of its direct partner. The

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